gong2022 听说【星标】大傻考研，您离登陆又近一步
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题目/来由
Scientists create online games to show risks
of AI emotion recognition
科学家开辟在线游戏，以展现人工智能辨认情感有多“不靠谱”
The Guard an《卫报》4 April， 2021
文章导读
科技公司不知足于对人脸辨认的开辟，还想经由过程人工智能技能读取用户的情感。但科学家近日研发的一款小游戏揭穿了该项技能的缺点，从而冲破了科技公司的好梦。由剑桥大学钻研职员开辟的一款小型网页游戏，可让用户经由过程电脑摄像头，对试图“解读”情感的新技能一探事实。该游戏会让用户表示出6种分歧的情感，而Al将会对这些情感举行辨认。但是，因为技能不可熟，AI的解读呈现了误差——它会把浮夸的脸色解读为“中性"，乃至会把用户的“假笑”解读为“快活"。
正文
It is a technology that has been frowned upon by ethicists：now researchers are hoping to unmask the reality of emotion recognition systems in an effort to boost public debate.
Technology designed to identify human emotions using machine learning algorithms is a huge industry， with claims that it could prove valuable in myriads tuations， from road safey to market research.But critics say the technology not only raises privacy concerns， but is inaccurate and racially biased.
A team of researchers have created a website-emojify.info—where the public can try out emotion recognition systems through their own computer cameras.One game focuses on pulling faces to trick the technology， while another explore show such systems can struggle to read facial expressions in context.
Their hope， the researchers say， is to raise awareness of the technology and promote conversations about its use.
“It is a form of facial recognition， but it goes farther because rather than just identifying people， it claims to read our emotions， our inner feelings from our faces， ”said Dr Alexa Hagerty， project lead and researcher at the University of Cambridge Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence and the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk.
Facial recognition technology， often used to identify people， has come under intense scrutiny in recent years.Last year the Equality and Human Rights Co妹妹ission said its use for mass screening should be halted， saying it could increase police discrimination and harm freedom of expression.
But Hagerty said many people were not aware how co妹妹on emotion recognition systems were， noting they were employed in situations ranging from job hiring， to customer insight work，airport securty， and even education to see if students are engaged or doing their homework.
Such technology， she said， was in use all over the world， from Europe to the US and China.Taigusys， a company that specialises in emotion recognition systems and whose main office is in Shenzhen， says it has used them in settings ranging from care homes to prisons，while according to reports earlier this year， the Indian city of Lucknow is planning to use the technology to spot distress in women as a result of harassment—a move that has met with criticism， including from digital rights organisations.
While Hagerty said emotion recognition technology might have some potential benets these must be weighed against concerns around accuracy， racial bias， as well as whether the technology was even the right tool for a particular job.
“We need to behaving a much wider public conversation and deliberation about these technologies， ”she said. The new project allows users to try out emotion recognition technology. The site notes that "no personal data is collected and all images are stored on your device".In one game, users are invited to pull a series of faces to fake emotions and see if the system is fooled.
“The claim of the people who are developing this technology is that it is reading emotion， ”said Hagerty.But， she added， in reality the system was reading facial movement and then combining that with the assumption that those movements are linked to emotions-for example a smile means someone is happy.
“There is lots of really solid science that says that is too simple；it doesn't work quite like that”said Hagerty， adding that even just human experience showed it was possible to fake a smile.“That is what that game was：to show you didn't change your inner state of feeling rapidly six times， you just changed the way you looked[on your] face， she said.
Some emotion recognition researchers say they are aware of such limitations.But Hagerty said the hope was that the new project， which is funded by Nesta(
National Endowment for Science， Technology and the Art) ， will raise awareness of the technology and promote discussion around its use.
“I think we are beginning to realise we are not really‘users'of technology， we are citizens in world being deeply shaped by technology， so we need to have the same kind of democratic，citizen-based input on these technologies as we have on other imporant things in societies， ” she said.
全文翻译
这是一项受到伦理学家否决的技能：现在，钻研职员但愿揭开情感辨认体系的真脸孔，以促成公家会商。
旨在操纵呆板进修算法以辨认人类情感的技能是一个庞大的财产，据悉，从门路平安到市场钻研等范畴均可以证实其价值。但批判人士暗示，该技能不但触及隐私问题，并且缺少正确性，还带有种族成见。
钻研职员建立了一个名叫e moji fy.info的网站， 公家可以经由过程本身的电脑摄像头举行情感辨认。该网站有两款游戏：一款游戏主如果让用户做鬼脸以坑骗情感辨认技能，而另外一款游戏则是摸索该体系在分歧情境下若何解读脸部脸色。
钻研职员暗示，他们但愿提高人们对这项技能的熟悉，并促成关于其用处的会商。
“这是人脸辨认的一种情势，但又远不止于此，由于该技能不只是辨认小我身份，还能从咱们的脸部读懂情感和心里感觉。”艾里珊·哈格蒂博士如是说。她作为该项目带领，也是剑桥大学利弗休姆将来智能钻研中间和存在危害钻研中间的钻研职员。比年来，
经常使用于辨认小我身份的脸部辨认技能遭到了紧密亲密存眷。客岁，英国同等与人权委员会暗示，应当遏制利用人脸辨认技能@举%8th2K%行大范%D2u1r%围@筛查，由于这可能会加重@差%39EuX%人对小%647eo%我@的轻视，并且晦气于谈吐自由。
但哈格蒂认为，不少人并未意想到情感辨认体系的广泛性，她指出，从雇用到洞察客户举动，再到机场安检，乃至是教诲讲授场所(为了察看学生是不是介入讲堂或在做功课)，都利用了情感辨认体系。
哈格蒂暗示，世界各都城在利用这些技能，包含欧洲列国、美国和中国。旷古计较机体系有限公司是一家专注于情感辨认体系的公司，其总部位于深圳。该公司暗示，他们已将情感辨认体系利用于养老院和牢狱等多种情况中；但是按照本年早些时辰的陈述，印度勒克瑙市规划利用该技能来辨认女性遭到骚扰后的痛楚情感，此举受到了包含数字版权组织在内的批判。
虽然在哈格蒂看来，情感辨认技能可能有一些潜伏的益处，但这些益处必需与情感辨认是不是正确、是不是带有种族成见和是不是合适某项特定事情等问题举行掂量。
“咱们还必要对该技能举行公然会商和商榷，”哈格蒂说道。
这一新项目可让用户体验情感辨认技能。该网站暗示，“咱们不会采集任何小我数据，所有图象都存储在您的装备上。”该网站上的一款游戏是约请用户扮各类鬼脸来伪装各类情感，以磨练体系是不是会被利诱。
哈格蒂说：“开辟这项技能的人宣称该技能能读懂人的情感。”但现实上，她弥补道，该体系读取的是脸部活动，然后将这些活动和与情感有关的假如连系起来，比方微笑象征着或人很快活。
“有浩繁确实的科学证据表白该技能很是简略，但究竟并不是如斯，”哈格蒂还弥补道，经由过程人类的履历表白，强颜欢笑也是可能的。她说：“这个游戏的本色就是——你经由过程扭转本身的脸部脸色来仿照六种分歧的情感，但你的心里实在并无感觉到响应的变革。”
一些情感辨认钻研员暗示，他们意想到了这类局限性。可是哈格蒂暗示，她实际上是但愿这个由英国国度科学、技能和艺
术基金会帮助的新项目，可以提高人们对这项技能的熟悉，并促成对其用处的交换会商。
她还说道：“我认为，人们起头意想到本身并不是科技产物的‘用户'，而是在这个世界上深受其影响的公民，以是咱们必要在这些技能长进行民主的、以公民为根本的投入，就像咱们在社会中的其他首要事变上所做的那样。”
特别辞汇
frown upon不同意
harassment n.骚扰
myriad n.无数；大量
bias n.成见
racially adv.按人种地
particular adj.特此外；特指的
discrimination n.轻视
distress n.哀痛；痛楚
deliberation n.商榷；斟酌
随堂功课
功课1：长难句解析
Technology designed to identify human emotions using machine learning algorithms is a huge industry， with claims that it could prove valuable in myriad situations， from road safety to market research.
But Hagerty said many people were not aware how co妹妹on emotion recognition systems were， nong they were employed in situations ranging from job hiring， to customer insight work， airport security， and even educa ion to see if students are engaged or doing their homework.
功课2：原文自行翻译
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